Library.

Interested in learning more about the restaurant industry’s restaurant leadership gap?

Below are resources that have informed this project, both directly as sources and indirectly as inspiration. If you’ve read, watched or listened to something that addresses this issue, reach out! I’ll include it here.

Background.

Albors-Garrigos, Jose, et al. “Gender Discrimination in Haute Cuisine: A Systematic Literature and Media Analysis.” International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol 89, Aug 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102569.

Black, Rachel E. Cheffes de Cuisine: Women and Work in the Professional French Kitchen. University of Illinois Press, October 2021.

Druckman, Charlotte. Women on Food. Abrams Press, 2019.

Haddaji, Majd et al. “Women Chefs’ Experience: Kitchen Barriers and Success Factors.” International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, vol 9, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2017.06.004.

Harris, Deborah Ann and Patti Giuffre. Taking the Heat: Women Chefs and Gender Inequality in the Professional Kitchen. Rutgers University Press, May 2015.

Health & Harassment.

Gyan Jr., Joe. “7 Charged, 1 with Felony, After Attack on Chili’s Hostess Enforcing Coronavirus Rules.” The Advocate. 22 Jan 2021. https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/courts/article_4171a40e-5c2e-11eb-9a37-43fe44b4fea2.html

Krishna, Priya. “The Restaurant Host is Suddenly at the Front of the Covid Wars.” The New York Times, 24 Sept 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/24/dining/restaurant-host-covid-pandemic.html

Johnson, Stefanie K. and Juan M. Madera. “Sexual Harassment Is Pervasive in the Restaurant Industry. Here’s What Needs to Change.” Harvard Business Review, 18 January 2018. https://hbr.org/2018/01/sexual-harassment-is-pervasive-in-the-restaurant-industry-heres-what-needs-to-change

Mackinnon, Catherine A. and Louise Fitzgerald. “Service Workers’ Experience of Health & Harassment During COVID-19.” One Fair Wage and The UC Berkeley Food Labor Research Center, Nov 2020. https://onefairwage.site/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/OFW_COVID_WorkerExp_Emb-1.pdf

Selinger, Hannah. “Life Was Not a Peach.” Eater, 21 Dec 2020. https://www.eater.com/22193151/momofuku-david-chang-memoir-eat-a-peach-review

#MeToo.

Agg, Jen. “A Harvey Weinstein Moment for the Restaurant Industry?” The New Yorker, 26 October 2017. https://www.newyorker.com/culture/annals-of-gastronomy/a-harvey-weinstein-moment-for-the-restaurant-industry

Anderson, Brett. “John Besh Restaurants Fostered Culture of Sexual Harassment, 25 Women Say”. The Times-Picayune, 21 October 2017. https://www.nola.com/news/business/article_2b0d2515-ea21-5afd-92c1-5717ef7b81a8.html

Moskin, Julia and Kim Severson. “Ken Friedman, Power Restaurateur, Is Accused of Sexual Harassment.” The New York Times, 12 December 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/12/dining/ken-friedman-sexual-harassment.html

Moskin, Julia. “The Island Is Idyllic. As a Workplace, It’s Toxic.” The New York Times, 27 April 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/27/dining/blaine-wetzel-willows-inn-lummi-island-abuse.html

Plagianos, Irene and Kitty Greenwald. “Mario Batali Steps Away From Restaurant Empire Following Sexual Misconduct Allegations.” Eater, 11 December 2017. December 11, 2017. https://ny.eater.com/2017/12/11/16759540/mario-batali-sexual-misconduct-allegations

Redzepi, Renee. “Culture of the Kitchen.” Lucky Peach, 19 August, 2015. https://madfeed.co/2015/culture-of-the-kitchen-rene-redzepi/

Rosner, Helen. “Mario Batali and the Appetites of Men.” The New Yorker, 13 December 2017. https://www.newyorker.com/culture/annals-of-gastronomy/mario-batali-and-the-appetites-of-men

Severson, Kim. “$600,000 Sexual Harassment Settlement Reached in Batali & Bastianich Case.” The New York Times, 23 July 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/23/dining/mario-batali-sexual-harassment-case-settlement.html

Varriano, Jackie and Asia Fields. “Edouardo Jordan, Acclaimed Seattle Chef, Accused b 15 Women of Sexual Misconduct or Unwanted Touching.” The Seattle Times, 13 June 2021. https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/times-watchdog/edouardo-jordan-acclaimed-seattle-chef-accused-by-15-women-of-sexual-misconduct-or-unwanted-touching/

Not Food.

Bourke, Juliet and Bernadette Dillon. “The Diversity & Inclusion Revolution: Eight Powerful Truths.” The Deloitte Review, January 2018. https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/deloitte-review/issue-22/diversity-and-inclusion-at-work-eight-powerful-truths.html

Carr, Evan W. et al. “The Value of Belonging at Work.” Harvard Business Review, 16 December 2019. https://hbr.org/2019/12/the-value-of-belonging-at-work

Cleghorn, Elinor. Unwell Women: Misdiagnosis and Myth In a Man-Made World. Dutton, 2021.

Criado Perez, Caroline. Invisible Women: Data Bias in a World Designed for Men. Abrams Press, 2019.

Gross, Rachel E. ”Taking the ‘Shame Part’ Out of Female Anatomy.” The New York Times, 21 September 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/21/science/pudendum-women-anatomy.html

Segran, Elizabeth. “Bleeding on the Job: A Menstruation Investigation.” Fast Company, 25 July 2017. https://www.fastcompany.com/3061417/bleeding-on-the-job-a-menstruation-investigation

Travis, Dnika J. et al. “Getting Real About Inclusive Leadership: Why Change Starts with You.” Catalyst, 2020.

Turban, Stephen et al. “When Gender Diversity Makes Firms More Productive.” Harvard Business Review, 11 February 2019. https://hbr.org/2019/02/research-when-gender-diversity-makes-firms-more-productive

Sweden.

Bennhold, Katrin. “In Sweden, Men Can Have it All.” The New York Times, 9 June 2010. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/10/world/europe/10iht-sweden.html

“Gender Equality.” Sweden.se. 2021. https://sweden.se/life/equality/gender-equality

Hermelin, Brita, et al. “The Making of the Gourmet Restaurateur—Masculine Ideology, Identity and Performance.” International Journal for Masculinity Studies, vol. 12, no. 1, February 2017, pp. 48-64. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/18902138.2017.1284421

Mathisen, Gro Ellen et al. “The occurrences and correlates of bullying and harassment in the restaurant sector.” Scandinavian journal of psychology vol. 49,1 (2008): 59-68. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18190403/

Moritz, Michael. “A Swedish Newspaper’s Reinvention Points the Way for the Industry.” Financial Times, 1 April 2019. https://www.ft.com/content/26e123b4-508a-11e9-8f44-fe4a86c48b33

Neuman, Nicklas. “Stories of masculinity, gender equality, and culinary progress: On foodwork, cooking, and men in Sweden.” Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Social Sciences, 2016. http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:974090/FULLTEXT01.pdf

“Report on Sexual Harassment: Overview of Research on Sexual Harassment in the Nordic Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism Industry.” Nordic Union of Hotels, Restaurants, Catering and Tourism Workers, March 2016. https://www.nordichrct.org/~/media/files/theme65/nuhrct/a4_report_on_sexual_harassment_engelsk_v8.pdf?la=da

“Work-Life Balance.” Sweden.se. 2021. https://sweden.se/life/equality/gender-equality

Food & Media.

Dixler Canavan, Hillary. “Time Editor Howard Chua-Eoan Explains Why No Female Chefs are ‘Gods of Food’." Eater, 7 November 2013. https://www.eater.com/2013/11/7/6334005/time-gods-of-food-controversy-howard-chua-eoan-women-chefs

“James Beard Awards Audit Recommendations.” The James Beard Foundation, 13 September 2021. https://jbf-media.s3.amazonaws.com/production/page/2021/9/13/James_Beard_Awards_Audit_Recommendations-1.pdf

Kludt, Amanda. “28 Pie Charts That Show Female Representation in Food.” Eater, 20 November 2017. https://www.eater.com/2017/11/20/16595308/female-women-representation-in-food

McCarron, Megan. “The Chefs We Don’t See.” Eater, 30 May 2018. https://www.eater.com/2018/5/30/17397060/women-chefs-food-media

Ibid. “When Male Chefs Fear the Specter of ‘Women’s Work’ “. Eater, 30 November 2017. https://www.eater.com/2017/11/30/16687914/toxic-masculinity-restaurants

Meiser, Ellen T. And Penn Pantumsinchai, “The Normalization of Violence in Commercial Kitchens Through Food Media.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16 April 2021. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211005138

“Peruvian Heritage Plated to Perfection.” 50 Best, 2021. https://www.theworlds50best.com/the-list/1-10/Central.html

Raskin, Hanna. "The unnoticed major change in how James Beard Foundation Award winners are chosen." The Post and Courier, 8 March 2017. infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/16301E3A27E26360.

Ray, Krishnendu. The Ethnic Restaurateur. Bloomsbury Academic, Feb 2016.

Zorn, Sarah. “Food Media is Dominated by Women. So Why Aren’t We Writing About Female Chefs?” Esquire, 29 November 2017. https://www.esquire.com/food-drink/a13944998/how-food-media-should-better-cover-female-chefs/

Intersectionality.

Orlov, Alex. “Restaurateur Leads the Charge to Protect Trans Employees from Workplace Discrimination.” Mic, 16 September 2016. https://www.mic.com/articles/154020/restaurateur-leads-the-charge-to-protect-trans-employees-from-workplace-discrimination

Perry, Grace. “The End of ‘Ladies First’ Restaurant Service.” Eater, 16 Aug 2018. https://www.eater.com/2018/8/16/17605790/restaurant-service-gender-neutral-ladies-first

Saxena, Jaya. “For Trans People in the Service Industry, Discrimination Is an Unfortunate Reality of the Job.” Eater, 29 June 2020. https://www.eater.com/2020/6/29/21304536/trans-workers-struggle-with-discrimination-scotus-ruling

“The Great Service Divide: Occupational Segregation, Inequality, and the Promise of a Living Wage in the Seattle Restaurant Industry.” Restaurant Opportunities Centers United, July 2020. https://rocunited.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2020/07/GreatServiceDivide_Seattle_Report_W.pdf

Wilson, Korsha. “How High-End Restaurants Have Failed Black Female Chefs.” The New York Times, 11 Jan 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/11/dining/black-women-fine-dining-restaurant-kitchens.html

Zakaria, Rafia. Against White Feminism: Notes on Disruption. W.W. Norton & Company, 2021.

Zimmer, Lynn. “Tokenism and Women in the Workplace: The Limits of Gender-Neutral Theory.” Social Problems, vol 35 no 1, Feb 1988. https://onlabor.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/zimmer.pdf

Misc.

“2020 State of the Restaurant Workers.” Restaurant Opportunities Centers United, June 20201. https://drive.google.com/file/d/19zGyWlVUH0cP0JEcniwwzBoAnUuJVWPn/view

Berlinger, Max. “Todd Snyder’s New Uniforms for Eleven Madison Park Might Be as Good as the Food.” GQ, October 2017. https://www.gq.com/story/todd-snyder-eleven-madison-park-uniform

Pandemic.

Cadigan, Hilary. “The Audacity of Opening During a Pandemic.” Bon Appétit, Oct 2021.

Casselman, Ben. “The Number of U.S. Workers Quitting Their Jobs in September Was the Highest on Record.” The New York Times, 12 Nov 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/12/business/economy/jobs-labor-openings-quit.html

Maroney, Brittany. “The Restaurant Industry Has a Shortage of Women Leaders. But the Pandemic Might Change That.” Fast Company, 7 July 2021. https://www.fastcompany.com/90657650/the-restaurant-industry-has-a-shortage-of-women-leaders-but-the-pandemic-might-change-that

Parenthood.

Bass, Brooke Conroy. “Preparing for Parenthood?: Gender, Aspirations, and the Reproduction of Labor Market Inequality.” Gender & Society, vol 29, no 3, June 2015. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243214546936

Collins, Caitlin. Making Motherhood Work: How Women Manage Careers and Caregiving. Princeton University Press, 2019.

Gould, Elise and Tanyell Cooke. “High Quality Child Care is Out of Reach for Working Families.” Economic Policy Institute, 6 Oct 2015. https://www.epi.org/publication/child-care-affordability/

Kantor, Jodi. “Working Anything but 9 to 5.” The New York Times, 13 Aug 2014. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/08/13/us/starbucks-workers-scheduling-hours.html

Kiesling, Lydia. “Being a Parent in the Restaurant Industry Should’t Be This Hard.” Bon Appétit, Sept 12 2021. https://www.bonappetit.com/story/restaurant-parents

Kludt, Amanda. “Escaping the Restaurant Industry’s Motherhood Trap.” Eater, 27 Jan 2016. https://www.eater.com/2016/1/27/10835270/restaurant-industry-women-chefs-paid-maternity-leave

Levin, Rachel. “In 2019, Men Named Their Restaurants After Women.” Eater, 18 December 2019. https://www.eater.com/2019/12/18/21004856/restaurant-womens-names-grandmothers

Morsey, Leila and Richard Rothstein. “Parents’ Non-Standard Work Schedules Make Adequate Childrearing Difficult.” Economic Policy Institute, 6 Aug 2015. https://www.epi.org/publication/parents-non-standard-work-schedules-make-adequate-childrearing-difficult-reforming-labor-market-practices-can-improve-childrens-cognitive-and-behavioral-outcomes/

Smith, Erin. “How to Be Pregnant in the Restaurant Industry.” Food & Wine. 8 Oct 2018. https://www.foodandwine.com/chefs/communal-table-erin-smith-pregnancy-restaurants

“The Cost of Child Care in New York.” The Economic Policy Institute, October 2020. https://www.epi.org/child-care-costs-in-the-united-states/#/NY

Uyehara, Mari. “How Fashion Hijacked the Food World.” Women on Food, edited by Charlotte Druckman, Abrams Press, 2019, pp. 203-213.

Wages & Benefits.

Black, Jane. “How to Make an Unloved Job More Attractive? Restaurants Tinker With Wages.” The New York Times, 20 Sept 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/20/dining/restaurant-wages.html

“Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2020.” US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2020. https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes351011.htm